Information Technology

Information technology (IT), as defined by the Information Technology Association of America (ITAA), is "the study, design, development, implementation, support or management of computer-based information systems, particularly software applications and computer hardware." IT deals with the use of electronic computers and computer software to convert, store, protect, process, transmit, and securely retrieve information.
Today, the term information has ballooned to encompass many aspects of computing and technology, and the term has become very recognizable. IT professionals perform a variety of duties that range from installing applications to designing complex computer networks and information databases. A few of the duties that IT professionals perform may include data management, networking, engineering computer hardware, database and software design, as well as the management and administration of entire systems.
When computer and communications technologies are combined, the result is information technology, or "infotech". Information technology is a general term that describes any technology that helps to produce, manipulate, store, communicate, and/or disseminate information.
In recent days ABET and the ACM have collaborated to form accreditation and curriculum standards for degrees in Information Technology as a distinct field of study separate from both Computer Science and Information Systems. SIGITE is the ACM working group for defining these standards.

Iphone

The iPhone is a line of Internet and multimedia enabled smartphones designed and marketed by Apple Inc. The iPhone functions as a camera phone (also including text messaging and visual voicemail), a portable media player (equivalent to a video iPod), and an Internet client (with e-mail, web browsing, and Wi-Fi connectivity) using the phone's multi-touch screen to provide a virtual keyboard in lieu of a physical keyboard.
The first-generation phone was quad-band GSM with EDGE; the second generation phone added UMTS with 3.6 Mbps HSDPA;[17] the third generation adds support for 7.2 Mbps HSDPA downloading but remains limited to 384 Kbps uploading as Apple had not implemented the HSPA protocol.
Apple announced the iPhone on January 9, 2007,after months of rumors and speculation.[20] The (retroactively labelled) original iPhone was introduced in the United States on June 29, 2007 before being marketed in Europe. Time magazine named it the Invention of the Year in 2007. Released July 11, 2008, the iPhone 3G supports faster 3G data speeds and assisted GPS. On March 17, 2009, Apple announced version 3.0 of the iPhone OS for the iPhone (and iPod Touch), released on June 17, 2009.The iPhone 3GS was announced on June 8, 2009, and has improved performance, a camera with higher resolution and video capability, and voice control.It was released in the U.S., Canada and six European countries on June 19, 2009, in Australia and Japan on June 26,and saw international release in July and August, 2009.

Mobile

A mobile phone or mobile (also called cellphone and handphone) is an electronic device used for mobile telecommunications (mobile telephone, text messaging or data transmission) over a cellular network of specialized base stations known as cell sites. Mobile phones differ from cordless telephones, which only offer telephone service within limited range, e.g. within a home or an office, through a fixed line and a base station owned by the subscriber and also from satellite phones and radio telephones. As opposed to a radio telephone, a cell phone offers full duplex communication, automatised calling to and paging from a public land mobile network (PLMN), and handoff (handover) during a phone call when the user moves from one cell (base station coverage area) to another. Most current cell phones connect to a cellular network consisting of switching points and base stations (cell sites) owned by a mobile network operator. In addition to the standard voice function, current mobile phones may support many additional services, and accessories, such as SMS for text messaging, email, packet switching for access to the Internet, gaming, Bluetooth, infrared, camera with video recorder and MMS for sending and receiving photos and video, MP3 player, radio and GPS.
The International Telecommunication Union estimated that mobile cellular subscriptions worldwide would reach approximately 4.6 billion by the end of 2009. Mobile phones have gained increased importance in the sector of Information and communication technologies for development in the 2000s and have effectively started to reach the bottom of the economic pyramid.

THE AEROPLANE

The aeroplane is a modrern means of transport. It was invented by two american brother in1903. the invention of the aeroplane made a revolution in the field of transportation. Rich countries have their own plane manufacturing compaines. Poor countries like nepal buy planes from them.

The first airlines in nepal is RNAC. Nowadays, many private airline have been providing air facilities to the people,. Tourism in nepal depends on air servies. The beauty spots and tourist sectors are in remote areas. Toursits can go to these places by planes. But most of the airports in remote areas are not cemented. The runways are either grassy or dusty. During rainy seasons, the flights haaave to be cancelled .Modern divices in these airports are not adequately available.The facilities belonging to the aair services should be extended. The development of our nation depends on air facilities.We can earn foreign currency by promoting tourism. In order to promote tourism, air facilities should be improved. The government and the private sectors should be responsible to promote air facilitie in Nepal.

We can have many advantages from the planes. We can travel long distances quickly and easily by aeroplanes because they are fastest means of travelling. They can carry people and goods from one place to another. To make roads in the hilly areas is slow and very expencive, but air facilities can be linked with the big cities by the air services. Aeroplanes are highly useful in rescue operations when people are victimized in the accidents and natural disasters.

In addition to the advantages, there are some disadvantages of aeroplanes. They are very noisy. So they promote sound pollution. The passengers and crew members are killed in the air crashes. That's why planes are also the most dangerous means of transport. Aeroplanes can be misused as the means of war, it is the worst use of them. Aeroplanes are veryexpensive. It is very difficult for the poor to travel by planes because plane fare is costly. Only the rich can afford air facilities.

The development of the nation also depends on air services in Nepal. The air facilities should be extended and made cheaper to provide services to most of the people. In fact, the aeroplanes have brought a revolution in field of air transportation.

Internet

The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet Protocol Suite to serve billions of users worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of millions of private and public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope that are linked by a broad array of electronic and optical networking technologies. The Internet carries a vast array of information resources and services, most notably the inter-linked hypertext documents of the World Wide Weband the infrastructure to support electronic mail.
Most traditional communications media, such as telephone and television services, are reshaped or redefined using the technologies of the Internet, giving rise to services such as Voice over Internet Protocol and IPTV. Newspaper publishing has been reshaped into Web sites, blogging, and web feeds. The Internet has enabled or accelerated the creation of new forms of human interactions through instant messaging, Internet forums, and social networking sites.

The origins of the Internet reach back to the 1960s when the United States funded research projects of its military agencies to build robust, fault-tolerant and distributed computer networks. This research and a period of civilian funding of a new U.S. backbone by the National Science Foundation spawned worldwide participation in the development of new networking technologies and led to the commercialization of an international network in the mid 1990s, and resulted in the following popularization of countless applications in virtually every aspect of modern human life. As of 2009, an estimated quarter of Earth's population uses the services of the Internet.
The Internet has no centralized governance in either technological implementation or policies for access and usage; each constituent network sets its own standards. Only the overreaching definitions of the two principal name spaces in the Internet, the Internet Protocol address space and the Domain Name System, are directed by a maintainer organization, the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers . The technical underpinning and standardization of the core protocols is an activity of the Internet Engineering Task Force , a non-profit organization of loosely-affiliated international participants that anyone may associate with by contributing technical expertise.

Electricity

The discoveries and inventions of science nad technology have made a revolution in human civilization. Electricity is one of the most important gifts of science. It can be generated withthe help of water power, it is called hydro-electricity. Electricity. Electricity can be satic and current. The electricity that cannot be trasnferred from one object to another is called static, and current electircity can be transferred. We use current electricity.

The electricity is widely used for various purposes. It gives us light, heat and power. We use it at our homes for for various purposes. It is used for lightening, to cook our foods, operate our T.V. or computer or fridge etc. It is also used to heat our houses in winter and operate the machines of various categores. In hot places, we use electric fans, fridges, air-coolers, air-condtioners. It is used to wash clothes, too. Similarly it is used in radios, telephones, lifts, generators and so on.

We can have many advantages of electricity. We can do any work quickly and easily. We can decrease pollution in cities by using electric vehicles. They are cheaper than other common vehicles. The process of deforestation and desertificationcan be decreased. We can use electric stove. If we do not need firewood, the forest can be saved. similarly we can irrigate our fields with the help of electricity. Nowadays, every modern device works with the help of it.

Electricity should be used properly. It is a usefulservant but it can be a dangerous enemy. An electric shock can kill anyone. We must be very careful to use it. We must make sure that the wires in our homes are strong enough and no bare metal can be seen. We should not touch an electric switch with our wet hands. The electricity in our houses should be earthed.

We can conclude that electricity is widely used but we must use it properly. It can be made cheaply using water power and can be carrid anywhere by power lines. It is used to heat and light our homes, cook our food and drive machinery of all kinds. Modern era smiles due to the proper use of electricity.

The Television

Television is a modern means of entertainment and communications. It was invented by John Logie Baird in 1926. It is one of the miraculous inventions of science and technology. It flashes visual images along with sounds at a distance by electromagnetic waves. Visual images are seen on the screen. Nowadays the television is widely used all over the world.

This recent and famous invention has many uses and advantages. It provides us news, views and entertainment. We can learn many things throught the television. So it is one of the means of getting education. While we are listening to the news, we can see the pictures and scenes on the screen. We can learn and enjoy them sitting in our rooms. The pictures of national and international programmes, events, games, etc. can be seen on the screen. The scenes of natural beauties and gifts, natural disaster, wars etc. can be brought into our rooms by means of the television.

The television is the most popular means of entertainment. We can enjoy songs, music, cultural programmes, dances, dramas, poems etc. on it. Nowadays we can enjoy any programmes organized anywhere. We can learn many thinga abouthealth, science and technology, geography, history etc. through it. Similarly, we can broadcast the advertisements of goods, services and jobs on the televison. Futhremore, the notice of government offices and other organizations can be broadcast on the television.

In the field of education, it can be used as one of the audo-visual aids. We can make a good collection of different events, programmes, disasters etc. ; and they can be used in the classby means of the television. The children who are very small can be easily motivate if they can see visual images and sounds together.

Although the television has made arevolution in the fields of entertainment, communication, infromation, business and education, it also has some disadvantages. It has badly affected small children. Specially, school children dco not want to study their text-books and do not do their homework. They waste their study time watching worthless television programmes. we are often exposed to horrors , pornography and different scenes of crime which affect the children adversely. If we usually watch the television progrmmes for a long time, our eye-sight can be affected badly.

In order to have advantages of the T.V,. we must be selective. All the programmes are not useful. We have to watch only useful programmes. the programmes which have adverse effects must not be watched. Adults should select the gtood ones ofr the small children. We should not watch the T.V for a long time. It is wise to watch the T.V. programmes properly.